The pluralist objective of the observatory is the development of research into population questions in the Mediterranean, ensuring demographic observation by promoting exchanges between disciplines and the sharing of methodological skills. This research revolves around eight themes: sources and demographic data; population dynamics; population ageing; mobilities; demographics and the environment; demographic phenomena and gender; demographics and family sociology; demographic forecasting.

This research is conducted through funded programs (contracts and tenders) but is also conducted through exploratory collaborations on emerging issues (such as meetings, seminars, publications etc.).